spiritofatlantis.com | Duane K. McCullough



The Metal Ages of Man.

Conventional history would have us believe that the Iron Age began in c. 800 B.C. somewhere in the Middle East. This belief assumes the idea that New World natives never used iron making technology before the European visitors arrived nearly five centuries ago. A new theoritical view based on anthropological and archeological data now challenges this conventional assumption.

V3
Chapter 4: The Metal Ages of Man

1/ Why does conventional anthropological literature portray the idea that Columbus or the Vikings - or even Sino-seafarers were the first true "discovers" of the New World?

2/ Is it because writers of civil history have for centuries measured the cultural evolution of humanity not on language superiority, but on the basic technological concept of the timely development of metallurgy?

3/ Since the time of the Spanish Conquest, native cultures of America seemed to be ignorant of iron weaponry - and therefore historians have assumed that the "Iron Age" began in the Old World first where the technology of creating stronger iron weaponry has had more time to advance over earlier bronze weaponry.

4/ Yet this five-hundred year old assumption is currently being challenged by new archeological revelations that suggest the science of metallurgy was once long ago more advanced in the New World than in the Old World.

5/ While the Hittites of the Old World were making iron swords, the intercontinental seafaring Phoenicians were shaping iron into strong and flexible chains for safely anchoring offshore during their long perilous voyages throughout the coastal and oceanic waterways - which suggest the first true use or need of iron was for nautical trade reasons and not for militaristic reasons.
(Recent discoveries of amphora jugs at Port Royal in the Bay Islands north of Honduras suggest the Phoenicians - or some other trans-Atlantic seafaring culture, were trading and sharing knowledge between the New and Old Worlds long before Columbus or the Vikings ever set sail westward)
[According to several studies, evidence exists that certain pre-Columbian buildings in the northern Yucatan area once used iron reinforcement techniques which have since rusted away]

6/ The invention of guns made from iron or iron alloys - and the exploding metallic powders that go with them are also thought to be first discovered in the Old World, however this belief can also be challenged by new archeological discoveries.
(The science of fireworks may have originated from the desire to make high temperatures necessary for fusing clay into high-grade ceramic pottery - in fact, the porcelain ware of China was the result of understanding how to fuse feldspar materials into strong and durable shapes by "igniting" manganese oxide which would create very high temperatures during the baking process)



Pre-Columbian Fireworking Technology.

The use of "fire-weapons" by Toltec war-lords to psychologically scare victims into submission, is a view found on a stele in Central America. Other stele artwork also depict the use of hand held "flaming fire-rods". Such technology was not available according to conventional history.

7/ There exists several stone idols or stele in Central America that depict Toltec war-lords holding what appears to be some sort of "flaming gun" or "blazing rod", whereby, like Chinese physiological weaponry, fireworks were once used - but unlike the Spanish Conquistadors, did not use any projectile in the gun.
(The incendiary substance used by Byzantine warships - known as "Greek fire", became more active when water was added but was not used like gun powder to propel objects of harm)



Pre-Columbian Ceramic Technology.

Evidence of the use of very high temperature technology can be found in Central America from before the Spanish Conquest. Such technology was not available according to conventional history.

8/ Other artifacts have recently been discovered in Central America that also suggest a high degree of metallurgical technology - such as certain ceramic sculptural items that needed over 1500 degrees Fahrenheit to make - or even a skull artifact found in the eastern Yucatan region made from molten glass.
(Speaking of fusible materials, there exists an incendiary substance known as "thermit" which is a mixture of aluminum and ferric-oxide powders that when ignited by powdered magnesium yields blasting temperatures up to 3000 degrees Fahrenheit and is capable of melting solid iron - in fact, many modern solid rocket fuel formulas are basically the same substance)



Pre-Columbian Glass working Technology.

More evidence of the use of very high temperature technology can be found in Central America from before the Spanish Conquest. This glass skull that some believe may have been cut from a large quartz crystal, could have been created by smelting silicate substances to temperatures greater than 1800 degrees fahrenheit. Such technology was not available according to conventional history.

9/ However, perhaps the most remarkable and fantastic example of man's ability to manipulate metal was the titanic technique used to create several monumental metallic projects of long ago - one particular project from Biblical times was the spectacular spire once known as the "Tower of Babel".

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